SPPM 2

      Functional requirements: -

                    These are statements of services the system should provide, how the system should react to particular inputs and how the system should behave in particular situations.

                    It may also state what the system should not do explicitly.

                   Describe the system function in detail, its inputs and outputs, expectations and so on.

                   Expressed in numerous ways:-

• LIBSYS:- able to search the database. able to read the document. provide unique ID. single interface. allows the user to download copies.

Requirements must be precise and should not be ambiguous.

Identify what the customer wants.

Changes to the previous requirements or new ones established.

Complete and consistent. complete means all services ought be defined. consistent in the sense there should be no contradictory definitions. 

Large system would lead to many mistakes and omissions; since there are numerous stake holders with different views; so we need deeper analysis.

Non functional requirements: -

              The non functional requirements are constraints on the services.

The constraints include 

•       Timing constraints. 
•       Development constraints.  
•       Standard constraints.      

Applied system as a whole.

1. Product 
2. Organizational
3. External.

Product in the sense behavior of the system

•  efficiency(include Performance and space)
• reliability
• usability
• portability.

Organizational include policies and procedures in an organization

• Delivery
• Implementation
• Standards.

External in the sense external factors

• Interoperability 
• Ethical
• Legislative.

Non functional requirements must be verifiable. 

Non functional requirements have goals.

Non functional requirements interacts with other functional and non functional requirements.

Metrics: -

• Speed. 
• Size.
• Ease of use.
• Reliability.
• Robustness.
• Portability.

SPPM 3

Three stages: - 

• measurements (attributes)
• analysis (current process assess)(weakness and bottleneck are identified)
• change

Characteristics of process: -

• understandability
• visible
• supportability
• reliability
• robustness
• maintainability

Process classification: -

• Informal process(prototypes or short time products)
• Managed process(large system or long time product )
• Methodological process( well understood domain)

Measurement: -

three classes: 

• time
• resources 
• event occurrence

Basili and Rom Bach proposed a measurement approach GQM

Goal: - what the organization is trying to achieve.

Reliability, productivity.

Questions: - goals-refinement.

eg. how effective assessment are made.

Metrics: - helps to answer the question.

Process analysis: -

Techniques

1. Questionnaire and interview
2. Ethnography techniques

Process change: - 

Making modification to the process.

Stages: -

1. Improvement identification
2. Improvement prioritization
3. process change introduction
4. process change training 
5. change tuning.

Regression Testing

REGRESSION TESTING

1. The word regress means to return to the previous.                                         

2. Regression testing refers to that portion of the test cycle in which a program q is tested to ensure that not only the newly added or modified code behaves correctly but also that code carried over unchanged from the previous version p continue to behave correctly.

3. Regression testing is also called as program "revalidation".

4. The term corrective regression testing refers to regression testing of a program obtained by making corrections

5. Regression testing is also needed when a subsystem is modified to generate a new version of an application.

REGRESSION TEST PROCESS:

Test revalidation/selection/minimization/prioritization   ------->2.Testsetup------>3.Test sequencing------->4.fault mitigation------>5.Output comparison------>6.Test execution

The steps in brief: -

1. Test revalidation/selection/minimization/prioritization:

->Test revalidation refers to the task of checking which test for p remain valid for q. Revalidation is necessary to ensure that only tests are applicable to q are used during regression testing.

->Test selection can be interpreted in several ways. Validation test must be redundant that they do not traverse any modified portions in q.

->Test minimization discards the tests seemingly redundant with respect to some criteria. for eg: if both t1 and t2 test function f in p, then one might decide to discard t2in favor of t1.

PURPOSE: reduce the number of tests

Test prioritization refers to the task of prioritizing test based on criteria. A set of tests become useful only a subset of tests can be executed due to resource constraints.

TEST SETUP:

->It refers to the process by which the application under test is placed in its intended or simulated, environment ready to receive data and able to transfer any desired output information.

->Test setup process and the setup itself are highly dependent on the application under test and its hardware and software environments.

TEST SEQUENCING:

->The sequence in which tests are input to an application may be concern.

->Test sequencing often becomes important for an application that has an internal state and is continuously running.

->Eg: ATM cash withdrawal.

TEST EXECUTION:

->Once the testing infrastructure has been setup, tests selected, revalidated and sequenced, it is time to execute them.

->The importance of a tool for test execution cannot be overemphasized.